Operational Technology (OT) encompasses the systems responsible for monitoring and controlling industrial operations. Within OT, **Industrial Control Systems (ICS)** refer specifically to technologies used for automating and managing industrial processes.

While IT professionals have decades of experience securing networks, systems, and applications, cybersecurity in OT/ICS is a relatively new concern. In industrial environments, **availability takes priority over integrity and confidentiality**, meaning that ICS software is often designed for speed and efficiency rather than security. This fundamental difference makes OT/ICS systems uniquely vulnerable to cyber threats.

OT (Operational Technology)

Operational Technology (OT) refers to the hardware and software used to monitor, control, and automate industrial processes, critical infrastructure, and manufacturing plants. OT is distinct from IT (Information Technology) because its primary focus is on ensuring operational continuity and physical safety, whereas IT is concerned with data management and cybersecurity.

Key OT Components:

• Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
• Sensors and Actuators
• Supervisory and Control Systems (SCADA, DCS)
• Embedded Devices (PLC, RTU)
• Industrial Networks (Industrial Ethernet, MODBUS, Profibus, etc.)

ICS (Industrial Control Systems)

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are a subset of OT that includes all technologies used to monitor and control automated industrial processes. ICS are deployed in manufacturing, energy, transportation, utilities, and other critical industries to ensure safe and efficient operations.

Types of ICS:

• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
• DCS (Distributed Control System)
• PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
• RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)

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